Orthalicus zebra (O. F. Müller, 1774)

CLASSE: GASTROPODA: TERRESTRE

FAMÍLIA: ORTHALICIDAE

ESPÉCIE: Orthalicus zebra (O. F. Müller, 1774)

Tamanho médio: 46 mm

Ocorrência: Venezuela (vide comentários)

Localidade tipo: nd

Nome original: Buccinum zebra O. F. Müller, 1774

Sinônimos: Ampulla quagga Roding, 1798; Bulimus maracaibensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1856); Bulimus zebra (O. F. Müller, 1774); Bulla zebra Gmelin, 1791; Helix rallus Röding, 1798; Orthalicus gruneri (Strebel, 1909); Orthalicus maracaibensis L. Pfeiffer, 1856; Oxystyla maracaibensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1856); Zebra gruneri Strebel, 1909; Zebra maracaibensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1856); Zebra maracaibensis jamaicensis Strebel, 1909

Comentários:

Breure et al. 2021 destaca que: “unfortunately, Müller’s specimens lacked locality data; they were in the collection of Lorenz Spengler (1720–1807), a cabinet maker at the Danish court (Gouk, 1983). This may have hampered a correct identification and later authors placed other species in its synonymy (or vice versa) and attributed Müller’s taxon to different regions, e.g. “Am. Æquin.” (Beck, 1837 [1837–1838]: 59), “Nicaragua, Panama, Costa Rica, Veragua, Pernambuco, West Indies” (Reeve, 1849: pl. 15 fig. 90), “am Maranhonfluss” [Peru] (Albers, 1850: 225), and Mexico, Florida, Cuba and Jamaica (Fischer & Crosse, 1873 [1870–1878]: 442).

Von Martens (1865: 45–46), after having discussed the confusion in the previous literature, even suggested “Der Artnahme zebra dürfte am besten, als zu viel umfassend, ganz aufgegeben werden” [The species zebra might best be abandoned altogether, as much too comprehensive]. Pilsbry (1899: 104–105) concluded “I would therefore uphold the conclusion of Dr. von Martens (Malak. Blätter xii, p. 44 [sic], 1865), that the name zebra be wholly given up. The data are too indefinite to permit us to fix upon any of the modern species as the true zebra of Müller, either by the process of elimination or otherwise”. It even led him to replace the name Orthalicus with Oxystyla Schlüter, 1838, a junior synonym.”

Fotos:  Breure et al. 2021: Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen: LECTOTYPE de Orthalicus zebra (O.F. Müller, 1774), NHMD 873804, Spengler collection, 46.0 mm

Figura: Breure, Bram. (2013): (A-D) Orthalicus princeps fischeri Martens, 1893, (A–B, i) SYNTYPE ZMB 109951 (= HOLOTYPE de Zebra crosseifischeri Strebel, 1909), 50.2mm; (C–D, ii) SYNTYPE ZMB 109950, 60.0mm; (E–F, iii) Orthalicus zebra, 1774, HOLOTYPE de Orthalicus gruneri (Strebel, 1909), ZMB 117783, 57.4mm

Fontes:

Descrição original: (como Buccinum zebra O. F. Müller, 1774) Müller, O. F. (1774). Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusorium, Helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. vol 2. Havniae et Lipsiae, apud Heineck et Faber, ex officina Mölleriana. I-XXXVI, 1-214 pp, 10 unnumbered pages, disponível online em https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12893715
página(s): 138

Descrição original: (como Zebra gruneri Strebel, 1909) Strebel, H. (1909). Revision der Unterfamilie der Orthalicinen. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten. 26 (Beiheft 2): 191 pp, 23 pl., disponível online em https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32474911
página(s): 63, pl. 16 figs 252-253

Descrição original: (como Orthalicus maracaibensis L. Pfeiffer, 1856) Pfeiffer, L. (1856). Zur Gattung Orthalicus Beck. Malakozoologische Blätter. 3(5): 186-187 (October)., disponível online em https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15865153

Descrição original: (como Zebra maracaibensis jamaicensis Strebel, 1909) Strebel, H. (1909). Revision der Unterfamilie der Orthalicinen. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten. 26 (Beiheft 2): 191 pp, 23 pl., disponível online em https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32474911
página(s): 90, pl. 20, figs. 314-315, 319-320, 322-326

Descrição original: (como Bulla zebra Gmelin, 1791) Gmelin, J. F. (1791). Vermes. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Ed. 13. Tome 1(6). G.E. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig]. pp. 3021-3910. Systema Naturae. Linneaeus (ed.). Ed. 13. 1: pars. 6., disponível online em http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83098#5
página(s): 3431, sp. No. 31

Descrição original: (como Helix rallus Röding, 1798) Röding, P. F. (1798). Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturæ quæ olim collegerat Joa. Fried Bolten, M. D. p. d. per XL. annos proto physicus Hamburgensis. Pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia & multivalvia. Trapp, Hamburg, viii + 199 pp., disponível online em https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16230659
página(s): 107, no. 1369

Descrição original: (como Ampulla quagga Roding, 1798) Röding, P. F. (1798). Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturæ quæ olim collegerat Joa. Fried Bolten, M. D. p. d. per XL. annos proto physicus Hamburgensis. Pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia & multivalvia. Trapp, Hamburg, viii + 199 pp., disponível online em https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16230659
página(s): 111, sp. no. 1421

Thompson, F. G. (2011). An annotated checklist and bibliography of the land and freshwater snails of México and Central America. Florida Museum of Natural History Bulletin. 50(1): 1-299.
página(s): 103

Pilsbry, H. A. (1894). On the Orthalicus of Florida. The Nautilus. 8(4): 37-39, 1 text-figure., disponível online em https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43044633
página(s): 38-39

Breure, A. S. H., Ablett, J. D., González Guillén, A. & Lee, H. G. (2021). The rediscovery of Müller’s type material: resolution of the status of Buccinum zebra O.F. Müller, 1744, with additional notes on Buccinum fasciatum O.F. Müller, 1774 and Helix exilis O.F. Müller, 1774 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicidae, Ariophantidae). Basteria. 85(2): 109-115.
página(s): 110-111

Breure, Bram. (2013). Annotated type catalogue of the Orthalicoidea (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. ZooKeys. 279. 1-101

MolluscaBase: https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1299482