Polygyratia polygyrata (Born, 1778)

CLASSE: GASTROPODA: TERRESTRE

FAMÍLIA: SCOLODONTIDAE

ESPÉCIE: Polygyratia polygyrata (Born, 1778)

Tamanho médio: 44 – 50 mm

Habitat: Mata Atlântica – vive no solo, sob folhas ou enterrada parte do tempo

Alimentação: Herbívoro

Ocorrência: Brasil, Bahia (Leste do Estado)

Localidade tipo: desconhecida (Born, 1780); “Brazil” de acordo com Schileyko (2006)

Nome original: Helix polygyrata Born, 1778

Sinônimos: Helix charybdis Mörch, 1852; Polygyratia charybdis (Mörch, 1852)

Redescrição:

(Roosen, Salvador & Breure, 2025): “Shell planispiral, large, width 40–47 mm, height 11–13 mm, multiwhorled; whorls 8½–9. Spire typically slightly depressed, but often flat. Whorl profile markedly convex, with gentle angulation marking borders of apical and umbilical regions; a central angulation on the body whorl can be seen in some specimens. Whorls tightly coiled, slowly and regularly enlarging. Protoconch of 2¼–2½ whorls, apparently smooth.

Teleoconch with scalelike, reticulated sculpture often superimposed by coarse growth lines; growth lines tend to become coarser and more irregular towards aperture. Body whorl bent abapically near the aperture. Presence of internal parietal (typically one) and palatal (typically two) lamellae in body whorl; lamellae short, disposed in two or three sets, positioned c. ⅓ and ⅔ of a whorl behind aperture. The number of lamellae may differ in some specimens, which may have additional smaller lamellae or even lack one of the three main lamellae. Aperture rounded to D-shaped; parietal callus may be present. Peristome slightly reflexed. Umbilicus very wide and deep.”

Fotos: (1) Senckenberg Natural History Museum, Frankfurt: Polygyratia polygyrata, SMF 26248

Figura: Salvador, Cavallari (2020): Conchas de Polygyratia polygyrata, mostrando a variação nas características conquiológicas, como tamanho, número de voltas, e formato da abertura, bem como coloração. (A) HOLOTYPE NHMW-MO-14371 (NHMW); (B) B. AMNH 43887 (AMNH); (C) AMNH 119005 (AMNH); (D) SMF 26248 (SMF); (E) MNZ M.233517 (MNZ); (F) possível HOLOTYPE de Polygyratia charybdis, NHMD 615842 (NHMD)

Figura 2: Roosen, Salvador & Breure, 2025: Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria: SYNTYPE NHMW-MO-14371

Fontes:

Descrição original: Born, I. Von. (1778). Index rerum naturalium Musei Cæsarei Vindobonensis. Pars I.ma. Testacea. Verzeichniß der natürlichen Seltenheiten des k. k. Naturalien Cabinets zu Wien. Erster Theil. Schalthiere. [1-40], 1-458, [1-82]. Vindobonae [Vienna]; (Kraus). disponível online em https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43890#page/7/mode/1up

Breure, A. S. H. & Araujo, R. (2017). The Neotropical land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) collected by the “Comisión Científica del Pacífico.”. PeerJ. 5, e3065., disponível online em https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5354113/#
página(s): 121, figs. 47D-47F 

Salvador, B. R.; Cavallari, D. C. (2020). Taxonomy and distribution of enigmatic “helicoid” Polygyratia Gray, 1847 (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora). Zoosystematics and Evolution. 96(1): 91-101., disponível online em https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.51047
página(s): 92, fig. 1, 2

Roosen, Salvador & Breure, 2025. Revision of the genera of Scolodontidae, part 3: Entodina Ancey, 1887, Keranella gen. nov., Martinella Jousseaume, 1887, †Patagocharopa Miquel & P.E. Rodriguez, 2016, Polygyratia Gray, 1847, Ridleyconcha Christensen, 2020, Smenodonta gen. nov., Systrophia L. Pfeiffer, 1855, and Zilchistrophia Weyrauch, 1960. Journal of Conchology. Vol. 45, no. 3

Simone, L. R. L. (2006). Land and Freshwater Molluscs of Brazil. Editora Gráfica Bernardi, FAPESP. São Paulo, 390 pp. página(s): 247 

MolluscaBase: https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1320928